.htaccess教程

.htaccess文件(或者"分布式配置文件"）,全称是Hypertext Access(超文本入口)。提供了针对目录改变配置的方法， 即，在一个特定的文档目录中放置一个包含一个或多个指令的文件， 以作用于此目录及其所有子目录。作为用户，所能使用的命令受到限制。管理员可以通过Apache的AllowOverride指令来设置。

在线生成.htaccess：http://htaccess.uuz.cc/

强制www访问

    RewriteEngine on
    RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^example\.com [NC]
    RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.example.com/$1 [L,R=301,NC]

强制www访问通用方法

RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^$
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^www\. [NC]
RewriteCond %{HTTPS}s ^on(s)|
RewriteRule ^ http%1://www.%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]

强制non-www访问

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.example\.com [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://example.com/$1 [L,R=301]

强制non-www访问通用方法

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.
RewriteCond %{HTTPS}s ^on(s)|off
RewriteCond http%1://%{HTTP_HOST} ^(https?://)(www\.)?(.+)$
RewriteRule ^ %1%3%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L]

强制https访问

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !on
RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
# Note: It's also recommended to enable HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS) 
# on your HTTPS website to help prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.
# See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Security/HTTP_strict_transport_security
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains"
</IfModule>

强制https通过代理访问

RewriteCond %{HTTP:X-Forwarded-Proto} !https
RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}

强制添加末尾斜杠

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /+[^\.]+$
RewriteRule ^(.+[^/])$ %{REQUEST_URI}/ [R=301,L]

去掉末尾斜杠

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [R=301,L]

重定向到一个页面

Redirect 301 /oldpage.html http://www.example.com/newpage.html
Redirect 301 /oldpage2.html http://www.example.com/folder/

重定向整个网站

Redirect 301 / http://newsite.com/

拒绝所有访问

## Apache 2.2
Deny from all

## Apache 2.4
# Require all denied

拒绝所有访问（排除部分）

## Apache 2.2
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
Allow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

## Apache 2.4
# Require all denied
# Require ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

屏蔽爬虫/恶意访问

## Apache 2.2
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
Deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Deny from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy

## Apache 2.4
# Require all granted
# Require not ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
# Require not ip xxx.xxx.xxx.xxy

禁止图片盗链

RewriteEngine on
# Remove the following line if you want to block blank referrer too
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^$

RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} !^http(s)?://(.+\.)?example.com [NC]
RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp)$ #### [NC,F,L]

# If you want to display a "blocked" banner in place of the hotlinked image, 
# replace the above rule with:
# RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [R,L]

禁止图片盗链(指定域名)

RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http(s)?://(.+\.)?badsite\.com [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{HTTP_REFERER} ^http(s)?://(.+\.)?badsite2\.com [NC,OR]
RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif)$ #### [NC,F,L]

# If you want to display a "blocked" banner in place of the hotlinked image, 
# replace the above rule with:
# RewriteRule \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp) http://example.com/blocked.png [R,L]